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Learn about the comparison between association theories and field theories of learning.
Comparison # Association Theories:
1. Learning is conceived as a matter of associations between stimulus-response (S.R).
2. Learning is considered as a matter of the formation and strengthening of associations.
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3. Learning under conditions of reinforcement is the focus.
4. Whole is made of separate parts.
5. Parts are fundamental.
6. Learning is additive Isolated parts are added together into an integrated performance.
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7. Learning approach is molecular in nature.
8. Learning proceeds from simple to complex.
9. Objects and things are seen as they are. The physical as well as psychological environment is real.
10. An individual is basically a mechanism.
11. Emphasis is on overt behaviour.
12. Stress is on trial and error.
13. Drill follows achievement.
14. Reinforcement is fundamental and the learner is its victim.
15. Stress is on the past.
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16. It is most suited for habit formation.
17. Generally not suited for transfer of learning.
Comparison # Field Theories:
1. Learning is conceived as the organisation of experiences into cognitive structure.
2. Learning is considered as a matter of meaningful dynamic structure in which relationship is established and restructuring of cognitive field takes place.
3. Perception is the key concept. Relation between parts and whole is the focus.
4. Parts emerge from the whole.
5. Whole is fundamental.
6. Learning is not a matter of separate elements joined together until the whole is built up. Meaningfulness is present in the totality of the field or situation.
7. Learning approach is molar. There is no dissecting of the whole into meaningless parts.
8. Learning proceeds by perceiving the whole. Out of the whole are specialised aspects progressively differentiated.
9. Things and objects are looked upon in terms of their psychological significance.
10. There is dynamic interaction between the individual and the environment.
11. There is very little emphasis on overt behaviour involves insight rather than physical movements.
12. Stress is on insight.
13. Drill must be preceded by insight.
14. The learner is purposive and he interacts within the field.
15. Stress is on the present as perceived. An individual is a purposive organism interacting with many elements.
16. It is most suited for concept formation and problem-solving.
17. Stress is on insight and meaningful relationships.